Ex.No: Date:
PERFORMANCE TEST on 4- STROKE SINGLE
CYLINDER SLOW SPEED
DIESEL ENGINE WITH ROPE BRAKE LOADING
Aim: To conduct performance test on 4-stroke single cylinder diesel engine and to measure the -BHP at constant speed keeping different load,
-Fuel consumption at variable load,
-Air consumption and Heat balance sheet
Specification:
Four stroke single – cylinder diesel engine, water cooled engine.
Rated speed : 650 rpm
Starting by : hand cranking the crank shaft
Loading : Rope brake drum, by dead weights and spring balance 0 - 10 Kg
Bore diameter : 0.210 meters
Stroke
length : 0.110mtrs
Measurements:
Air
intake by engine: The engine is connected to volumetric tank of air
tight; one end of the tank is fitted
with an orifice 20 mm dia, the tank is connected to U-tube manometer through ¼
inch, hose nipple fitting by polythene transparent tube. The deflection of
manometer caused due to velocity difference between the tank and atmospheric
air velocity measures the velocity of air by which we can calculate quantity of
air flowing into the engine cylinder.
Fuel flow
measurement: The control panel is fitted with a fuel tank which
is connected to a 3-way manifold
where one end of the manifold is connected to measuring burette of 100 CC
capacities and the other end is connected to the engine. The fuel flow to the
engine can be measured by closing the stop cock provided at the top of 3-way
manifold.
Speed: Speed of
the engine can be measured with a digital rpm indicator which is connected by sensor. The sensor is
fitted near the rotating shaft of the prime mover, where according to the speed
the pulse signals are sent to the indicator.
Temperature:
A multi
channel digital temperature indicator is connected with sensors at various points to measure temperatures
of exhaust gas, cooling water circulation and room temperature.
Rota
meter and water meter: Measurement of water flow to the engine Rota meter
and water meter are provided
respectively.
Procedure:
· Fill the fuel tank with clean fuel.
·
Check the sufficient lubrication oil in the
oil sump (crank case).
·
Check the
sufficient cooling water circulation (say about 200 LPH) in the rota meter
being circulated through engine.
·
Connect the control panel to electrical mains
230 V.
·
Keep the
engine exhaust valve to open position by operating the lever provided on engine
head.
· Start the engine by cranking the crankshaft and simultaneously closing the exhaust valve lever provided on engine head.
· Load the engine by adding the in step of 1 Kg, 2 Kg, unto 75% of maximum load capacity.
·
Take down the manometer reading for air
consumption, rpm reading, and burette reading for fuel consumption.
·
Repeat the procedure for different loads to conduct
the load test. Each time note down the manometer reading fuel consumption
reading and rpm.
·
Note down the temperature readings for final
reading to calculate heat balance sheet at full load.
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Observation: |
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Diameter of orifice |
= 20mm |
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Diameter of
Drum, D = 400 mm |
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Diameter of Rope, d |
= 20 mm |
Calorific value of diesel fuel =
42,700 kJ/kg
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Inlet water temperature |
= T1 |
°K |
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Outlet water temperature |
= T2
°K |
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Exhaust gas temperature |
= T3 |
°K |
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Inlet air temperature |
= T4
°K |
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Observation Table:
Rotameter reading for water flow = lpm
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S. No. |
Speed rpm |
Spring balance Load in kgs |
Time taken 10 cc/ml of fuel consumption, sec. |
Manometer reading hm
= h1+h2 mm |
Cooling water temperature, 0C |
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T1 |
T2 |
T3 |
T4 |
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S1 |
S2 |
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Formulae:
Frictional
power, FP (from Willan’s line graph), draw a graph between BP Vs FC)
Graph:
BP
Vs hbth, hIth, , hmech, BSFC
Heat Balance Sheet:
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Description |
KW |
% |
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A. |
Heat input
to the engine |
HI |
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100 |
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a. |
Heat
equivalent of brake power |
BP |
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BP/HI x 100 |
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100 |
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b. |
Heat
equivalent of friction power |
FP |
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FP/HI x 100 |
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c. |
Heat carried away by exhaust
gas, Qg =mg x
Cpgas (T5-T6) Where, mg = (mair
+ mf) kg/min. and CPair=
1.005kJ/kgK
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Qg |
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Qg /HI x 100 |
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d. |
Heat carried away by cooling
water, Qw =mw x
Cpw (T2-T1) and CPw= 4.18kJ/kgK
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Qw |
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Qw /HI x 100 |
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e. |
Unaccounted
heat loss, Quacc
= A - (a+b+c+d)
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Quacc |
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Quacc /HI x 100 |
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Pre Lab Questions:
1.
What
are the 4strokes of CI engines?
2.
What
is the working cycle of CI Engine?
3.
List
out the performance parameters?
4.
What
are the different heat losses in SI engines?
5.
Differentiate
SFC and TFC?
Post Lab Questions:
1.
Differentiate
brake power and indicated power?
2.
Define
indicated thermal efficiency?
3.
Define
brake thermal efficiency?
4.
Explain
the heat balancing of Diesel engine?
5.
What
is the type of dynamometer used for measuring the motor output?
Conclusion:
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PO Attainment: |
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Composed By:
R.Satheesh, M.E., Asso.Prof.,
